Which of the following are exposures that may be caused by pure risks?

• A. Personal
• B. Liability
• C. Property
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Pure risks create potential losses in several areas, known as exposures. In aviation risk management, these exposures include personal exposure (injury or loss of life to individuals such as pilots or passengers), property exposure (damage to or loss of aircraft, hangars, equipment, or facilities), and liability exposure (the risk of legal responsibility for damages to others or their property). Because each of these areas can be affected by pure risk, all three represent exposures that may be caused by pure risks. Therefore, the option that includes personal, property, and liability exposures is the best choice.